Moreover, In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. /Subtype /Image Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. /Length 3884 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. 3. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia 3. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. % Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. /Font << five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Your email address will not be published. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . 7 Topics . First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. /Width 371 You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. . Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. >> Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. 2. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Full History of Nigerian Federalism. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Federalism in India. stream In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). . Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. /F6 21 0 R This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Federalism in Nigeria. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. 2. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management (Tanzi, 1996). The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties.